So, in the example below, I would expect the "&" to output as "&" 
because it is in the source XML file and I would expect that a character 
reference created in the XSLT template would output as the reference. 
However, the opposite seems to be true.
Example:
<paragraph>Here is some text & stuff made up of so-called 
<quote>words</quote>.</</paragraph>
I used the below template:
<xsl:template match="quote">
  “<xsl:apply-templates/>”
</xsl:template>
I get this mess in place of the quotes:
(bthe <i>O'Hara</i> suitb)
but I get "&" in the output